|
Indicator Name |
Definition |
Sources |
Notes |
|
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage among people with advanced HIV infection |
The percentage of adults and children with advanced HIV infection currently
receiving ART according to a nationally approved treatment protocol (or
WHO/UNAIDS standards) among the estimated number of people with advanced HIV
infection |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Contraceptive prevalence (% of women aged 15-49) |
Contraceptive prevalence rate is the percentage of women who are practicing, or
whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
Access only with subscription to WDI database |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Contraceptive prevalence rate (Timeliness of reporting, years)
|
Timeliness is defined as “for the most recently published estimate, number of
years since the data were collected”. The timeliness standards were taken from
the following source: Health Metrics Network (HMN). 2007. Framework and
Standards for Country Health Information Systems. Second edition. Geneva: World
Health Organization. The HMN does not provide a standard for timeliness of
reporting of contraceptive prevalence. Instead, the standard for timeliness of
reporting of condom use with higher-risk sex was used: highly adequate if 0-1
year; adequate if 2-3 years; present but not adequate if 4 years or more; not
adequate at all if there are no data. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators and Health Systems 20/20 calculation |
The timeliness was calculated by Health Systems 20/20 based on the years of most recent data from the World Development Indicators 2009 |
|
Control of corruption |
Control of corruption measures the extent to which public power is exercised for
private gain, including petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as
“capture” of the state by elites and private interests. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata/ |
|
Diarrhea prevalence of children under five |
Percentage of children under five years who had diarrhea and diarrhea with blood
in given period (usually the two weeks preceding the survey) |
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Diarrhea treatment
|
Diarrhea treatment is defined as percentage of children under five with diarrhea
who received oral rehydration solution (ORS) |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
Access only with subscription to WDI database |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Donor spending on health as % of total health spending |
External resources (or donor spending) are loans and grants for medical care and
medical goods channeled through the Ministry of Health or other public agencies.
Grants in-kind (capital equipment, pharmaceutical supplies and vaccines,
technical assistance such as experts) should be estimated at their monetary
values. Grants to non-governmental organizations should be accounted for as
private (in practice, this is difficult). |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
DTP3 immunization coverage: one-year-olds immunized with three doses of
diphtheria, tetanus toxoid (DTP3) and pertussis (%) |
DTP3 immunization coverage is the percentage of one-year-olds (12-23 months) who
have received three doses of the combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and
pertussis vaccine in a given year.
|
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) |
The average number of children a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the
end of their reproductive period if they were subject during their whole lives
to the fertility rates of a given period and if they were not subject to
mortality. It is expressed as children per woman. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
GDP growth (annual %) |
Annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices
based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S.
dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the
economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value
of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of
fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
http://www.worldbank.org/data/wdi2009/index.html |
|
GDP per capita (constant 2000 US$) |
GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is
the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any
product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products.
It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets
or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant U.S.
dollars. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
http://www.worldbank.org/data/wdi2009/index.html |
|
Gini index |
Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some
cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an
economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the
cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of
recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index
measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute
equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a
Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies
perfect inequality. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
Access only with subscription to WDI database |
|
Government effectiveness |
Government effectiveness measures the quality of public services, the quality of
the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures,
the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the
government’s commitment to such policies. |
The World Bank. Governance Indicators: 1996-2008. |
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata/ |
|
Government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure |
Public Health Expenditure (PHE), or government expenditure on health, is the sum
of outlays on health paid for by taxes, social security contributions, and
external resources (without double-counting the government transfers to social
security and extra-budgetary funds). General Government Expenditure corresponds
to the consolidated outlays of all levels of government: territorial authorities
(Central/Federal Government, Provincial/Regional/State/District authorities,
Municipal/ Local governments), social security institutions, and extra-budgetary
funds, including capital outlays. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report.
|
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en)
|
|
Government expenditure on pharmaceuticals (per capita at average exchange rate)
in US$
|
Data estimates are all in US$ at average exchange rate values for the year 2000.
|
WHO. 2008. The World Medicines Situation.
|
http://w3.whosea.org/LinkFiles/Reports_World_Medicines_Situation.pdf
|
|
Lab technicians (density per 1,000 population)
|
Density of laboratory technicians per 1,000 population. Laboratory health
workers includes laboratory scientists, laboratory assistants, laboratory
technicians, and radiographers.
|
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report.
|
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en)
|
|
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) |
Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would
live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay
the same throughout its life. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/ |
|
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) |
Maternal mortality is the number of female deaths that occur during pregnancy
and childbirth per 100,000 live births. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Maternal mortality ratio reported by national authorities (Timeliness of
reporting, years) |
Timeliness is defined as “for the most recently published estimate, number of
years since the data were collected”. The timeliness standards were taken from
the following source: Health Metrics Network (HMN). 2007. Framework and
Standards for Country Health Information Systems. Second edition. Geneva: World
Health Organization. The timeliness standards set by the HMN for this indicator
are: highly adequate if 0-2 years; adequate if 3-5 years; present but not
adequate if 6-9 years; not adequate at all if 10 years or more. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report and Health Systems 20/20 calculation |
The timeliness was calculated by Health Systems 20/20 based on the years of most recent data from the WHO the World Health Report , 2008 |
|
Maternal mortality ratio reported by national authorities |
Annual number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live
births. This shows country reported figures that are not adjusted for
underreporting and misclassification. |
UNICEF. 2009. The State of the World's Children 2009. |
http://www.unicef.org/sowc06/index.php |
|
Measles coverage |
Measles coverage is measured by the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who
receive at least one dose of measles vaccine either any time before the survey
or before the age of 12 months |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/ |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Midwives (density per 1,000 population) |
Density of midwives per 1,000 population. Midwives: includes professional
midwives, auxiliary midwives and enrolled midwives. Traditional birth
attendants, who are counted as community health workers, appear elsewhere. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) |
Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of
age, per 1,000 live births in a given year. |
The World Bank. 2008. World Development Indicators. |
http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/ |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com |
|
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) |
Under-5 mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die before
reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. The
probability is expressed as a rate per 1,000. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/ |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Mortality rate under-5 (Timeliness of reporting, years) |
Timeliness is defined as “for the most recently published estimate, number of
years since the data were collected”. The timeliness standards were taken from
the following source: Health Metrics Network (HMN). 2007. Framework and
Standards for Country Health Information Systems. Second edition. Geneva: World
Health Organization. The timeliness standards set by the HMN for this indicator
are: highly adequate if 0-2 years; adequate if 3-5 years; present but not
adequate if 6-9 years; not adequate at all if 10 years or more. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators and Health Systems 20/20 calculation |
The timeliness was calculated by Health Systems 20/20 based on the years of the most recent data from the World Development Indicators 2009 |
|
Number of hospital beds (per 10,000 population) |
Number of in-patient beds per 10,000 population. Hospital beds include
in-patient and maternity beds. Maternity beds are included while cots and
delivery beds are excluded. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Number of hospital beds (Timeliness of reporting, years) |
Timeliness is defined as “for the most recently published estimate, number of
years since the data were collected”. The timeliness standards were taken from
the following source: Health Metrics Network. 2007. Framework and Standards for
Country Health Information Systems. Second edition. Geneva: World Health
Organization. The HMN does not provide a standard for timeliness of reporting of
the number of hospital beds. Instead, the standard for when the national
database of facilities was last updated was used: highly adequate if less than 2
years; adequate if 2-3 years; present but not adequate if more than 3 years; not
adequate at all if there is no national database or if no data is available. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report and Health Systems 20/20 calculation |
The timeliness was calculated by Health Systems 20/20 based on the years of the most recent data from the World Health Report, 2008 |
|
Nurses (density per 1,000 population) |
Density of nurses per 1,000 population. Nurses: includes professional nurses,
auxiliary nurses, enrolled nurses, and other nurses, such as dental nurses and
primary care nurses. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health |
Out-of-pocket expenditure is the direct outlays of households including
gratuities and payments in-kind made to health practitioners and suppliers of
pharmaceuticals, therapeutic appliances, and other goods and services whose
primary intent is to contribute to the restoration or to the enhancement of the
health status of individuals or population groups. Includes household payments
to public services, non-profit institutions or non-governmental organizations;
excludes payments made by enterprises which deliver medical and paramedical
benefits, mandated by law or not, to their employees. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar rate |
Total health expenditure per capita is the per capita amount of the sum of
Public Health Expenditure (PHE) and Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE). The
international dollar is a common currency unit that takes into account
differences in the relative purchasing power of various currencies. Figures
expressed in international dollars are calculated using purchasing power
parities (PPP), which are rates of currency conversion constructed to account
for differences in price level between countries. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel per year |
Percentage of live births attended by skilled health personnel in a given period
of time. A skilled birth attendant is an accredited health professional - such
as a midwife, doctor, or nurse - who has been educated and trained to
proficiency in the skills needed to manage normal (uncomplicated) pregnancies,
childbirth, and the immediate postnatal period, and in the identification,
management, and referral of complications in women and newborns. Traditional
birth attendants trained or not, are excluded from the category of skilled
attendant at delivery. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/ |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Percentage of surveillance reports received at the national level from districts
compared to number of reports expected |
The Health Metrics Network (HMN) does not provide a standard for reporting of
percentage of surveillance reports received at the national level from districts
compared to number of reports expected. Instead, the standard for “percentage of
districts submitting weekly or monthly surveillance reports on time to the next
higher level” was used: highly adequate if 90% or more; adequate if 75%-89%;
present but not adequate if 25-74%; not adequate at all if less than 25%. This
indicator is used by the HMN to assess the dimension of Capacity and Practices
(defined as: Does capacity in country exist to collect the data, and analyze and
manage the results? Are standards applied for data collection? Is documentation
available, accessible, and of high quality?) of the health and disease records
(including disease surveillance systems). |
WHO. 2008. Annual WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form. |
http://www.who.int/entity/immunization_monitoring/data/indicator_data.xls [Indicator
GSA26] |
|
Pharmacists (density per 1,000 population) |
Density of pharmacists per 1,000 population. Pharmacists: includes pharmacists,
pharmaceutical assistants, and pharmaceutical technicians. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Physicians (density per 1,000 population) |
Density of physicians per 1,000 population. Physicians: includes generalists and
specialists. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Political stability |
Political stability and absence of violence measures the perceptions of the
likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by
unconstitutional or violent means, including domestic violence and terrorism. |
The World Bank. Governance Indicators: 1996-2008. |
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata/ |
|
Population growth (annual %) |
Annual population growth rate. Population is based on the de facto definition of
population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or
citizenship, except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of
asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of
origin. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/ |
|
Population, total |
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts
all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship, except for refugees not
permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part
of the population of their country of origin. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/ |
|
Improved water sources |
Percentage of the population with access to an adequate amount of water from an
improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole,
protected well or spring, and rainwater collections. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Improved sanitation facilities |
Percentage of the population with access to improved sanitation including
connection to a public sewers, connection to septic systems, pour-flush
latrines, simple pit latrines and ventilated improved pit latrines. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
Access only with subscription to WDI database |
|
Pregnant women who received 1+ antenatal care visits (%) |
Percentage of women who utilized antenatal care provided by skilled health
personnel for reasons related to pregnancy at least once during pregnancy as a
percentage of live births in a given time period. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Pregnant women who received 4+ antenatal care visits (%) |
Percentage of women who utilized antenatal care provided by skilled health
personnel for reasons related to pregnancy at least four times during pregnancy
as a percentage of live births in a given time period. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) |
Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who are infected
with HIV. |
UNAIDS /WHO 2008 Report on the global AIDS epidemic, July 2008 |
http://www.unaids.org/en/ |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Prevalence of HIV, among total population aged 15-49 (Timeliness of reporting,
years) |
Timeliness is defined as “for the most recently published estimate, number of
years since the data were collected”. The timeliness standards were taken from
the following source: Health Metrics Network (HMN). 2007. Framework and
Standards for Country Health Information Systems. Second edition. Geneva: World
Health Organization. The timeliness standards set by the HMN for this indicator
are: highly adequate if less than 2 years; adequate if 2 years; present but not
adequate if 3-4 years; not adequate at all if 5 or more years. |
UNAIDS /WHO 2008 Report on the global AIDS epidemic, July 2008 and Health Systems 20/20 calculation |
The timeliness was calculated by Health Systems 20/20 based on the years of the most recent data from the UNAIDS/WHO 2008 Report on the Global AIDS epidemic
http://www.unaids.org/en/ |
|
Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health |
Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE) comprises the outlays of insurers and
third-party payers other than social security, mandated employer health services
and other enterprise provided health services, non-profit institutions and
non-governmental organizations financed health care, private investments in
medical care facilities, and household out-of-pocket spending. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Private expenditure on pharmaceuticals (per capita at average exchange rate) in
US$ |
Data estimates are all in US$ at average exchange rate values for the year 2000. |
WHO. 2004. The World Medicines Situation. |
http://w3.whosea.org/LinkFiles/Reports_World_Medicines_Situation.pdf |
|
Proportion of children under 5 years who are underweight for age |
Percentage of children underweight describes how many children under five years
have a weight-for-age below minus two standard deviations of the NCHS/WHO
reference median. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Proportion of children under 5 years who have low height for age (stunting) |
Percentage of children with low height describes how many children under five
years have a height-for-age below minus two standard deviations of the NCHS/WHO
reference median. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Proportion of children under 5 years who are underweight for age (Timeliness of
reporting, years) |
Timeliness is defined as “for the most recently published estimate, number of
years since the data were collected”. The timeliness standards were taken from
the following source: Health Metrics Network (HMN). 2007. Framework and
Standards for Country Health Information Systems. Second edition. Geneva: World
Health Organization. The timeliness standards set by the HMN for this indicator
are: highly adequate if 0-2 years; adequate if 3-5 years; present but not
adequate if 6-9 years; not adequate at all if 10 years or more. |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report and Health Systems 20/20 calculation. |
The timeliness was calculated by Health Systems 20/20 based on the years of the most recent data from the World Health Report, 2008 |
|
Proportion of children under five years sleeping under insecticide-treated bed
nets |
Percentage of children aged 0-59 months who slept under an insecticide treated
mosquito net the night prior to the survey |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
Access only with subscription to WDI database |
|
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Proportion of children under five years who had acute respiratory infection
(ARI) |
Proportion of children under five years who were ill with a cough accompanied
with rapid breathing and the percentage who were ill with fever during the two
weeks preceding the survey |
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Public (government) spending on health as % of total health expenditure |
Public Health Expenditure (PHE) is the sum of outlays on health paid for by
taxes, social security contributions, and external resources (without
double-counting the government transfers to social security and extra-budgetary
funds). |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Regulatory quality |
Regulatory quality measures the ability of the government to formulate and
implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector
development. |
The World Bank. Governance Indicators: 1996-2008. |
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata/ |
|
Rule of law |
Rule of law measures the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by
the rules of society, in particular the quality of contract enforcement, the
police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence. |
The World Bank. Governance Indicators: 1996-2004. |
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata/ |
|
Rural population (% of total) |
Rural population is calculated as the difference between the total population
and the urban population. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
Access only with subscription to WDI database |
|
Total expenditure on health as % of GDP |
Total health expenditure is the sum of Public Health Expenditure (PHE) and
Private Health Expenditure (PvtHE). |
WHO. 2008. The World Health Report. |
WHO Statistical Information System (www3.who.int/whosis - Select Core
Indicators), or WHR website (www.who.int/whr/en) |
|
Total expenditure on pharmaceuticals (% total expenditure on health) |
Data estimates are all in US$ at average exchange rate values for the year 2000. |
WHO. 2004. The World Medicines Situation. |
http://w3.whosea.org/LinkFiles/Reports_World_Medicines_Situation.pdf |
|
Total expenditure on pharmaceuticals (per capita at average exchange rate) in
US$ |
Data estimates are all in US$ at average exchange rate values for the year 2000. |
WHO. 2004. The World Medicines Situation. |
http://w3.whosea.org/LinkFiles/Reports_World_Medicines_Situation.pdf |
|
Unmet need for family planning |
Unmet need includes unmet need for spacing and unmet need for limiting. It
describes the proportion of women who are fecund, sexually and does not want a
child for at least two years for wants no more children, however not using any
contraceptives methods |
Demographic and Health Surveys 1985-2007 |
http://www.measuredhs.com/ |
|
Urban population (% of total) |
Urban population is the midyear population of areas defined as urban in each
country and reported to the United Nations. |
The World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. |
Access only with subscription to WDI database |
|
|
Voice and accountability measures the extent to which a country’s citizens are
able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of
expression, freedom of association, and a free media. |
The World Bank. Governance Indicators: 1996-2008. |
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata/ |
